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- WCOREDUMP(...)
- WCOREDUMP(status) -> bool
Return True if the process returning 'status' was dumped to a core file.
- WEXITSTATUS(...)
- WEXITSTATUS(status) -> integer
Return the process return code from 'status'.
- WIFCONTINUED(...)
- WIFCONTINUED(status) -> bool
Return True if the process returning 'status' was continued from a
job control stop.
- WIFEXITED(...)
- WIFEXITED(status) -> bool
Return true if the process returning 'status' exited using the exit()
system call.
- WIFSIGNALED(...)
- WIFSIGNALED(status) -> bool
Return True if the process returning 'status' was terminated by a signal.
- WIFSTOPPED(...)
- WIFSTOPPED(status) -> bool
Return True if the process returning 'status' was stopped.
- WSTOPSIG(...)
- WSTOPSIG(status) -> integer
Return the signal that stopped the process that provided
the 'status' value.
- WTERMSIG(...)
- WTERMSIG(status) -> integer
Return the signal that terminated the process that provided the 'status'
value.
- abort(...)
- abort() -> does not return!
Abort the interpreter immediately. This 'dumps core' or otherwise fails
in the hardest way possible on the hosting operating system.
- access(...)
- access(path, mode) -> True if granted, False otherwise
Use the real uid/gid to test for access to a path. Note that most
operations will use the effective uid/gid, therefore this routine can
be used in a suid/sgid environment to test if the invoking user has the
specified access to the path. The mode argument can be F_OK to test
existence, or the inclusive-OR of R_OK, W_OK, and X_OK.
- chdir(...)
- chdir(path)
Change the current working directory to the specified path.
- chflags(...)
- chflags(path, flags)
Set file flags.
- chmod(...)
- chmod(path, mode)
Change the access permissions of a file.
- chown(...)
- chown(path, uid, gid)
Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid.
- chroot(...)
- chroot(path)
Change root directory to path.
- close(...)
- close(fd)
Close a file descriptor (for low level IO).
- closerange(...)
- closerange(fd_low, fd_high)
Closes all file descriptors in [fd_low, fd_high), ignoring errors.
- confstr(...)
- confstr(name) -> string
Return a string-valued system configuration variable.
- ctermid(...)
- ctermid() -> string
Return the name of the controlling terminal for this process.
- dup(...)
- dup(fd) -> fd2
Return a duplicate of a file descriptor.
- dup2(...)
- dup2(old_fd, new_fd)
Duplicate file descriptor.
- execv(...)
- execv(path, args)
Execute an executable path with arguments, replacing current process.
path: path of executable file
args: tuple or list of strings
- execve(...)
- execve(path, args, env)
Execute a path with arguments and environment, replacing current process.
path: path of executable file
args: tuple or list of arguments
env: dictionary of strings mapping to strings
- fchdir(...)
- fchdir(fildes)
Change to the directory of the given file descriptor. fildes must be
opened on a directory, not a file.
- fchmod(...)
- fchmod(fd, mode)
Change the access permissions of the file given by file
descriptor fd.
- fchown(...)
- fchown(fd, uid, gid)
Change the owner and group id of the file given by file descriptor
fd to the numeric uid and gid.
- fdopen(...)
- fdopen(fd [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> file_object
Return an open file object connected to a file descriptor.
- fork(...)
- fork() -> pid
Fork a child process.
Return 0 to child process and PID of child to parent process.
- forkpty(...)
- forkpty() -> (pid, master_fd)
Fork a new process with a new pseudo-terminal as controlling tty.
Like fork(), return 0 as pid to child process, and PID of child to parent.
To both, return fd of newly opened pseudo-terminal.
- fpathconf(...)
- fpathconf(fd, name) -> integer
Return the configuration limit name for the file descriptor fd.
If there is no limit, return -1.
- fstat(...)
- fstat(fd) -> stat result
Like stat(), but for an open file descriptor.
- fstatvfs(...)
- fstatvfs(fd) -> statvfs result
Perform an fstatvfs system call on the given fd.
- fsync(...)
- fsync(fildes)
force write of file with filedescriptor to disk.
- ftruncate(...)
- ftruncate(fd, length)
Truncate a file to a specified length.
- getcwd(...)
- getcwd() -> path
Return a string representing the current working directory.
- getcwdu(...)
- getcwdu() -> path
Return a unicode string representing the current working directory.
- getegid(...)
- getegid() -> egid
Return the current process's effective group id.
- geteuid(...)
- geteuid() -> euid
Return the current process's effective user id.
- getgid(...)
- getgid() -> gid
Return the current process's group id.
- getgroups(...)
- getgroups() -> list of group IDs
Return list of supplemental group IDs for the process.
- getloadavg(...)
- getloadavg() -> (float, float, float)
Return the number of processes in the system run queue averaged over
the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes or raises OSError if the load average
was unobtainable
- getlogin(...)
- getlogin() -> string
Return the actual login name.
- getpgid(...)
- getpgid(pid) -> pgid
Call the system call getpgid().
- getpgrp(...)
- getpgrp() -> pgrp
Return the current process group id.
- getpid(...)
- getpid() -> pid
Return the current process id
- getppid(...)
- getppid() -> ppid
Return the parent's process id.
- getsid(...)
- getsid(pid) -> sid
Call the system call getsid().
- getuid(...)
- getuid() -> uid
Return the current process's user id.
- initgroups(...)
- initgroups(username, gid) -> None
Call the system initgroups() to initialize the group access list with all of
the groups of which the specified username is a member, plus the specified
group id.
- isatty(...)
- isatty(fd) -> bool
Return True if the file descriptor 'fd' is an open file descriptor
connected to the slave end of a terminal.
- kill(...)
- kill(pid, sig)
Kill a process with a signal.
- killpg(...)
- killpg(pgid, sig)
Kill a process group with a signal.
- lchflags(...)
- lchflags(path, flags)
Set file flags.
This function will not follow symbolic links.
- lchmod(...)
- lchmod(path, mode)
Change the access permissions of a file. If path is a symlink, this
affects the link itself rather than the target.
- lchown(...)
- lchown(path, uid, gid)
Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid.
This function will not follow symbolic links.
- link(...)
- link(src, dst)
Create a hard link to a file.
- listdir(...)
- listdir(path) -> list_of_strings
Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory.
path: path of directory to list
The list is in arbitrary order. It does not include the special
entries '.' and '..' even if they are present in the directory.
- lseek(...)
- lseek(fd, pos, how) -> newpos
Set the current position of a file descriptor.
Return the new cursor position in bytes, starting from the beginning.
- lstat(...)
- lstat(path) -> stat result
Like stat(path), but do not follow symbolic links.
- major(...)
- major(device) -> major number
Extracts a device major number from a raw device number.
- makedev(...)
- makedev(major, minor) -> device number
Composes a raw device number from the major and minor device numbers.
- minor(...)
- minor(device) -> minor number
Extracts a device minor number from a raw device number.
- mkdir(...)
- mkdir(path [, mode=0777])
Create a directory.
- mkfifo(...)
- mkfifo(filename [, mode=0666])
Create a FIFO (a POSIX named pipe).
- mknod(...)
- mknod(filename [, mode=0600, device])
Create a filesystem node (file, device special file or named pipe)
named filename. mode specifies both the permissions to use and the
type of node to be created, being combined (bitwise OR) with one of
S_IFREG, S_IFCHR, S_IFBLK, and S_IFIFO. For S_IFCHR and S_IFBLK,
device defines the newly created device special file (probably using
os.makedev()), otherwise it is ignored.
- nice(...)
- nice(inc) -> new_priority
Decrease the priority of process by inc and return the new priority.
- open(...)
- open(filename, flag [, mode=0777]) -> fd
Open a file (for low level IO).
- openpty(...)
- openpty() -> (master_fd, slave_fd)
Open a pseudo-terminal, returning open fd's for both master and slave end.
- pathconf(...)
- pathconf(path, name) -> integer
Return the configuration limit name for the file or directory path.
If there is no limit, return -1.
- pipe(...)
- pipe() -> (read_end, write_end)
Create a pipe.
- popen(...)
- popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
- putenv(...)
- putenv(key, value)
Change or add an environment variable.
- read(...)
- read(fd, buffersize) -> string
Read a file descriptor.
- readlink(...)
- readlink(path) -> path
Return a string representing the path to which the symbolic link points.
- remove(...)
- remove(path)
Remove a file (same as unlink(path)).
- rename(...)
- rename(old, new)
Rename a file or directory.
- rmdir(...)
- rmdir(path)
Remove a directory.
- setegid(...)
- setegid(gid)
Set the current process's effective group id.
- seteuid(...)
- seteuid(uid)
Set the current process's effective user id.
- setgid(...)
- setgid(gid)
Set the current process's group id.
- setgroups(...)
- setgroups(list)
Set the groups of the current process to list.
- setpgid(...)
- setpgid(pid, pgrp)
Call the system call setpgid().
- setpgrp(...)
- setpgrp()
Make this process the process group leader.
- setregid(...)
- setregid(rgid, egid)
Set the current process's real and effective group ids.
- setreuid(...)
- setreuid(ruid, euid)
Set the current process's real and effective user ids.
- setsid(...)
- setsid()
Call the system call setsid().
- setuid(...)
- setuid(uid)
Set the current process's user id.
- stat(...)
- stat(path) -> stat result
Perform a stat system call on the given path.
- stat_float_times(...)
- stat_float_times([newval]) -> oldval
Determine whether os.[lf]stat represents time stamps as float objects.
If newval is True, future calls to stat() return floats, if it is False,
future calls return ints.
If newval is omitted, return the current setting.
- statvfs(...)
- statvfs(path) -> statvfs result
Perform a statvfs system call on the given path.
- strerror(...)
- strerror(code) -> string
Translate an error code to a message string.
- symlink(...)
- symlink(src, dst)
Create a symbolic link pointing to src named dst.
- sysconf(...)
- sysconf(name) -> integer
Return an integer-valued system configuration variable.
- system(...)
- system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
- tcgetpgrp(...)
- tcgetpgrp(fd) -> pgid
Return the process group associated with the terminal given by a fd.
- tcsetpgrp(...)
- tcsetpgrp(fd, pgid)
Set the process group associated with the terminal given by a fd.
- tempnam(...)
- tempnam([dir[, prefix]]) -> string
Return a unique name for a temporary file.
The directory and a prefix may be specified as strings; they may be omitted
or None if not needed.
- times(...)
- times() -> (utime, stime, cutime, cstime, elapsed_time)
Return a tuple of floating point numbers indicating process times.
- tmpfile(...)
- tmpfile() -> file object
Create a temporary file with no directory entries.
- tmpnam(...)
- tmpnam() -> string
Return a unique name for a temporary file.
- ttyname(...)
- ttyname(fd) -> string
Return the name of the terminal device connected to 'fd'.
- umask(...)
- umask(new_mask) -> old_mask
Set the current numeric umask and return the previous umask.
- uname(...)
- uname() -> (sysname, nodename, release, version, machine)
Return a tuple identifying the current operating system.
- unlink(...)
- unlink(path)
Remove a file (same as remove(path)).
- unsetenv(...)
- unsetenv(key)
Delete an environment variable.
- urandom(...)
- urandom(n) -> str
Return n random bytes suitable for cryptographic use.
- utime(...)
- utime(path, (atime, mtime))
utime(path, None)
Set the access and modified time of the file to the given values. If the
second form is used, set the access and modified times to the current time.
- wait(...)
- wait() -> (pid, status)
Wait for completion of a child process.
- wait3(...)
- wait3(options) -> (pid, status, rusage)
Wait for completion of a child process.
- wait4(...)
- wait4(pid, options) -> (pid, status, rusage)
Wait for completion of a given child process.
- waitpid(...)
- waitpid(pid, options) -> (pid, status)
Wait for completion of a given child process.
- write(...)
- write(fd, string) -> byteswritten
Write a string to a file descriptor.
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