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- __builtin__.object
-
- BufferingFormatter
- Filter
- Formatter
- LogRecord
- LoggerAdapter
- Filterer(__builtin__.object)
-
- Handler
-
- NullHandler
- StreamHandler
-
- FileHandler
- Logger
class BufferingFormatter(__builtin__.object) |
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A formatter suitable for formatting a number of records.
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Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, linefmt=None)
- Optionally specify a formatter which will be used to format each
individual record.
- format(self, records)
- Format the specified records and return the result as a string.
- formatFooter(self, records)
- Return the footer string for the specified records.
- formatHeader(self, records)
- Return the header string for the specified records.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class FileHandler(StreamHandler) |
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A handler class which writes formatted logging records to disk files.
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- Method resolution order:
- FileHandler
- StreamHandler
- Handler
- Filterer
- __builtin__.object
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=0)
- Open the specified file and use it as the stream for logging.
- close(self)
- Closes the stream.
- emit(self, record)
- Emit a record.
If the stream was not opened because 'delay' was specified in the
constructor, open it before calling the superclass's emit.
Methods inherited from StreamHandler:
- flush(self)
- Flushes the stream.
Methods inherited from Handler:
- acquire(self)
- Acquire the I/O thread lock.
- createLock(self)
- Acquire a thread lock for serializing access to the underlying I/O.
- format(self, record)
- Format the specified record.
If a formatter is set, use it. Otherwise, use the default formatter
for the module.
- get_name(self)
- handle(self, record)
- Conditionally emit the specified logging record.
Emission depends on filters which may have been added to the handler.
Wrap the actual emission of the record with acquisition/release of
the I/O thread lock. Returns whether the filter passed the record for
emission.
- handleError(self, record)
- Handle errors which occur during an emit() call.
This method should be called from handlers when an exception is
encountered during an emit() call. If raiseExceptions is false,
exceptions get silently ignored. This is what is mostly wanted
for a logging system - most users will not care about errors in
the logging system, they are more interested in application errors.
You could, however, replace this with a custom handler if you wish.
The record which was being processed is passed in to this method.
- release(self)
- Release the I/O thread lock.
- setFormatter(self, fmt)
- Set the formatter for this handler.
- setLevel(self, level)
- Set the logging level of this handler.
- set_name(self, name)
Data descriptors inherited from Handler:
- name
Methods inherited from Filterer:
- addFilter(self, filter)
- Add the specified filter to this handler.
- filter(self, record)
- Determine if a record is loggable by consulting all the filters.
The default is to allow the record to be logged; any filter can veto
this and the record is then dropped. Returns a zero value if a record
is to be dropped, else non-zero.
- removeFilter(self, filter)
- Remove the specified filter from this handler.
Data descriptors inherited from Filterer:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class Filter(__builtin__.object) |
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Filter instances are used to perform arbitrary filtering of LogRecords.
Loggers and Handlers can optionally use Filter instances to filter
records as desired. The base filter class only allows events which are
below a certain point in the logger hierarchy. For example, a filter
initialized with "A.B" will allow events logged by loggers "A.B",
"A.B.C", "A.B.C.D", "A.B.D" etc. but not "A.BB", "B.A.B" etc. If
initialized with the empty string, all events are passed.
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Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, name='')
- Initialize a filter.
Initialize with the name of the logger which, together with its
children, will have its events allowed through the filter. If no
name is specified, allow every event.
- filter(self, record)
- Determine if the specified record is to be logged.
Is the specified record to be logged? Returns 0 for no, nonzero for
yes. If deemed appropriate, the record may be modified in-place.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class Formatter(__builtin__.object) |
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Formatter instances are used to convert a LogRecord to text.
Formatters need to know how a LogRecord is constructed. They are
responsible for converting a LogRecord to (usually) a string which can
be interpreted by either a human or an external system. The base Formatter
allows a formatting string to be specified. If none is supplied, the
default value of "%s(message)\n" is used.
The Formatter can be initialized with a format string which makes use of
knowledge of the LogRecord attributes - e.g. the default value mentioned
above makes use of the fact that the user's message and arguments are pre-
formatted into a LogRecord's message attribute. Currently, the useful
attributes in a LogRecord are described by:
%(name)s Name of the logger (logging channel)
%(levelno)s Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,
WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
%(levelname)s Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO",
"WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL")
%(pathname)s Full pathname of the source file where the logging
call was issued (if available)
%(filename)s Filename portion of pathname
%(module)s Module (name portion of filename)
%(lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued
(if available)
%(funcName)s Function name
%(created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()
return value)
%(asctime)s Textual time when the LogRecord was created
%(msecs)d Millisecond portion of the creation time
%(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,
relative to the time the logging module was loaded
(typically at application startup time)
%(thread)d Thread ID (if available)
%(threadName)s Thread name (if available)
%(process)d Process ID (if available)
%(message)s The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as
the record is emitted
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Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, fmt=None, datefmt=None)
- Initialize the formatter with specified format strings.
Initialize the formatter either with the specified format string, or a
default as described above. Allow for specialized date formatting with
the optional datefmt argument (if omitted, you get the ISO8601 format).
- format(self, record)
- Format the specified record as text.
The record's attribute dictionary is used as the operand to a
string formatting operation which yields the returned string.
Before formatting the dictionary, a couple of preparatory steps
are carried out. The message attribute of the record is computed
using LogRecord.getMessage(). If the formatting string uses the
time (as determined by a call to usesTime(), formatTime() is
called to format the event time. If there is exception information,
it is formatted using formatException() and appended to the message.
- formatException(self, ei)
- Format and return the specified exception information as a string.
This default implementation just uses
traceback.print_exception()
- formatTime(self, record, datefmt=None)
- Return the creation time of the specified LogRecord as formatted text.
This method should be called from format() by a formatter which
wants to make use of a formatted time. This method can be overridden
in formatters to provide for any specific requirement, but the
basic behaviour is as follows: if datefmt (a string) is specified,
it is used with time.strftime() to format the creation time of the
record. Otherwise, the ISO8601 format is used. The resulting
string is returned. This function uses a user-configurable function
to convert the creation time to a tuple. By default, time.localtime()
is used; to change this for a particular formatter instance, set the
'converter' attribute to a function with the same signature as
time.localtime() or time.gmtime(). To change it for all formatters,
for example if you want all logging times to be shown in GMT,
set the 'converter' attribute in the Formatter class.
- usesTime(self)
- Check if the format uses the creation time of the record.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
Data and other attributes defined here:
- converter = <built-in function localtime>
- localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
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class Handler(Filterer) |
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Handler instances dispatch logging events to specific destinations.
The base handler class. Acts as a placeholder which defines the Handler
interface. Handlers can optionally use Formatter instances to format
records as desired. By default, no formatter is specified; in this case,
the 'raw' message as determined by record.message is logged.
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- Method resolution order:
- Handler
- Filterer
- __builtin__.object
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, level=0)
- Initializes the instance - basically setting the formatter to None
and the filter list to empty.
- acquire(self)
- Acquire the I/O thread lock.
- close(self)
- Tidy up any resources used by the handler.
This version removes the handler from an internal map of handlers,
_handlers, which is used for handler lookup by name. Subclasses
should ensure that this gets called from overridden close()
methods.
- createLock(self)
- Acquire a thread lock for serializing access to the underlying I/O.
- emit(self, record)
- Do whatever it takes to actually log the specified logging record.
This version is intended to be implemented by subclasses and so
raises a NotImplementedError.
- flush(self)
- Ensure all logging output has been flushed.
This version does nothing and is intended to be implemented by
subclasses.
- format(self, record)
- Format the specified record.
If a formatter is set, use it. Otherwise, use the default formatter
for the module.
- get_name(self)
- handle(self, record)
- Conditionally emit the specified logging record.
Emission depends on filters which may have been added to the handler.
Wrap the actual emission of the record with acquisition/release of
the I/O thread lock. Returns whether the filter passed the record for
emission.
- handleError(self, record)
- Handle errors which occur during an emit() call.
This method should be called from handlers when an exception is
encountered during an emit() call. If raiseExceptions is false,
exceptions get silently ignored. This is what is mostly wanted
for a logging system - most users will not care about errors in
the logging system, they are more interested in application errors.
You could, however, replace this with a custom handler if you wish.
The record which was being processed is passed in to this method.
- release(self)
- Release the I/O thread lock.
- setFormatter(self, fmt)
- Set the formatter for this handler.
- setLevel(self, level)
- Set the logging level of this handler.
- set_name(self, name)
Data descriptors defined here:
- name
Methods inherited from Filterer:
- addFilter(self, filter)
- Add the specified filter to this handler.
- filter(self, record)
- Determine if a record is loggable by consulting all the filters.
The default is to allow the record to be logged; any filter can veto
this and the record is then dropped. Returns a zero value if a record
is to be dropped, else non-zero.
- removeFilter(self, filter)
- Remove the specified filter from this handler.
Data descriptors inherited from Filterer:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class LogRecord(__builtin__.object) |
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A LogRecord instance represents an event being logged.
LogRecord instances are created every time something is logged. They
contain all the information pertinent to the event being logged. The
main information passed in is in msg and args, which are combined
using str(msg) % args to create the message field of the record. The
record also includes information such as when the record was created,
the source line where the logging call was made, and any exception
information to be logged.
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Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, name, level, pathname, lineno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None)
- Initialize a logging record with interesting information.
- __str__(self)
- getMessage(self)
- Return the message for this LogRecord.
Return the message for this LogRecord after merging any user-supplied
arguments with the message.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class Logger(Filterer) |
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Instances of the Logger class represent a single logging channel. A
"logging channel" indicates an area of an application. Exactly how an
"area" is defined is up to the application developer. Since an
application can have any number of areas, logging channels are identified
by a unique string. Application areas can be nested (e.g. an area
of "input processing" might include sub-areas "read CSV files", "read
XLS files" and "read Gnumeric files"). To cater for this natural nesting,
channel names are organized into a namespace hierarchy where levels are
separated by periods, much like the Java or Python package namespace. So
in the instance given above, channel names might be "input" for the upper
level, and "input.csv", "input.xls" and "input.gnu" for the sub-levels.
There is no arbitrary limit to the depth of nesting.
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- Method resolution order:
- Logger
- Filterer
- __builtin__.object
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, name, level=0)
- Initialize the logger with a name and an optional level.
- addHandler(self, hdlr)
- Add the specified handler to this logger.
- callHandlers(self, record)
- Pass a record to all relevant handlers.
Loop through all handlers for this logger and its parents in the
logger hierarchy. If no handler was found, output a one-off error
message to sys.stderr. Stop searching up the hierarchy whenever a
logger with the "propagate" attribute set to zero is found - that
will be the last logger whose handlers are called.
- critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Log 'msg % args' with severity 'CRITICAL'.
To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
a true value, e.g.
logger.critical("Houston, we have a %s", "major disaster", exc_info=1)
- debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Log 'msg % args' with severity 'DEBUG'.
To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
a true value, e.g.
logger.debug("Houston, we have a %s", "thorny problem", exc_info=1)
- error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Log 'msg % args' with severity 'ERROR'.
To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
a true value, e.g.
logger.error("Houston, we have a %s", "major problem", exc_info=1)
- exception(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Convenience method for logging an ERROR with exception information.
- fatal = critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- findCaller(self)
- Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source
file name, line number and function name.
- getChild(self, suffix)
- Get a logger which is a descendant to this one.
This is a convenience method, such that
logging.getLogger('abc').getChild('def.ghi')
is the same as
logging.getLogger('abc.def.ghi')
It's useful, for example, when the parent logger is named using
__name__ rather than a literal string.
- getEffectiveLevel(self)
- Get the effective level for this logger.
Loop through this logger and its parents in the logger hierarchy,
looking for a non-zero logging level. Return the first one found.
- handle(self, record)
- Call the handlers for the specified record.
This method is used for unpickled records received from a socket, as
well as those created locally. Logger-level filtering is applied.
- info(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Log 'msg % args' with severity 'INFO'.
To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
a true value, e.g.
logger.info("Houston, we have a %s", "interesting problem", exc_info=1)
- isEnabledFor(self, level)
- Is this logger enabled for level 'level'?
- log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Log 'msg % args' with the integer severity 'level'.
To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
a true value, e.g.
logger.log(level, "We have a %s", "mysterious problem", exc_info=1)
- makeRecord(self, name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func=None, extra=None)
- A factory method which can be overridden in subclasses to create
specialized LogRecords.
- removeHandler(self, hdlr)
- Remove the specified handler from this logger.
- setLevel(self, level)
- Set the logging level of this logger.
- warn = warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Log 'msg % args' with severity 'WARNING'.
To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
a true value, e.g.
logger.warning("Houston, we have a %s", "bit of a problem", exc_info=1)
Data and other attributes defined here:
- manager = <logging.Manager object>
- root = <logging.RootLogger object>
Methods inherited from Filterer:
- addFilter(self, filter)
- Add the specified filter to this handler.
- filter(self, record)
- Determine if a record is loggable by consulting all the filters.
The default is to allow the record to be logged; any filter can veto
this and the record is then dropped. Returns a zero value if a record
is to be dropped, else non-zero.
- removeFilter(self, filter)
- Remove the specified filter from this handler.
Data descriptors inherited from Filterer:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class LoggerAdapter(__builtin__.object) |
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An adapter for loggers which makes it easier to specify contextual
information in logging output.
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Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, logger, extra)
- Initialize the adapter with a logger and a dict-like object which
provides contextual information. This constructor signature allows
easy stacking of LoggerAdapters, if so desired.
You can effectively pass keyword arguments as shown in the
following example:
adapter = LoggerAdapter(someLogger, dict(p1=v1, p2="v2"))
- critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate a critical call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
- debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate a debug call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
- error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate an error call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
- exception(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate an exception call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
- info(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate an info call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
- isEnabledFor(self, level)
- See if the underlying logger is enabled for the specified level.
- log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate a log call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
- process(self, msg, kwargs)
- Process the logging message and keyword arguments passed in to
a logging call to insert contextual information. You can either
manipulate the message itself, the keyword args or both. Return
the message and kwargs modified (or not) to suit your needs.
Normally, you'll only need to override this one method in a
LoggerAdapter subclass for your specific needs.
- warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
- Delegate a warning call to the underlying logger, after adding
contextual information from this adapter instance.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class NullHandler(Handler) |
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This handler does nothing. It's intended to be used to avoid the
"No handlers could be found for logger XXX" one-off warning. This is
important for library code, which may contain code to log events. If a user
of the library does not configure logging, the one-off warning might be
produced; to avoid this, the library developer simply needs to instantiate
a NullHandler and add it to the top-level logger of the library module or
package.
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- Method resolution order:
- NullHandler
- Handler
- Filterer
- __builtin__.object
Methods defined here:
- createLock(self)
- emit(self, record)
- handle(self, record)
Methods inherited from Handler:
- __init__(self, level=0)
- Initializes the instance - basically setting the formatter to None
and the filter list to empty.
- acquire(self)
- Acquire the I/O thread lock.
- close(self)
- Tidy up any resources used by the handler.
This version removes the handler from an internal map of handlers,
_handlers, which is used for handler lookup by name. Subclasses
should ensure that this gets called from overridden close()
methods.
- flush(self)
- Ensure all logging output has been flushed.
This version does nothing and is intended to be implemented by
subclasses.
- format(self, record)
- Format the specified record.
If a formatter is set, use it. Otherwise, use the default formatter
for the module.
- get_name(self)
- handleError(self, record)
- Handle errors which occur during an emit() call.
This method should be called from handlers when an exception is
encountered during an emit() call. If raiseExceptions is false,
exceptions get silently ignored. This is what is mostly wanted
for a logging system - most users will not care about errors in
the logging system, they are more interested in application errors.
You could, however, replace this with a custom handler if you wish.
The record which was being processed is passed in to this method.
- release(self)
- Release the I/O thread lock.
- setFormatter(self, fmt)
- Set the formatter for this handler.
- setLevel(self, level)
- Set the logging level of this handler.
- set_name(self, name)
Data descriptors inherited from Handler:
- name
Methods inherited from Filterer:
- addFilter(self, filter)
- Add the specified filter to this handler.
- filter(self, record)
- Determine if a record is loggable by consulting all the filters.
The default is to allow the record to be logged; any filter can veto
this and the record is then dropped. Returns a zero value if a record
is to be dropped, else non-zero.
- removeFilter(self, filter)
- Remove the specified filter from this handler.
Data descriptors inherited from Filterer:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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class StreamHandler(Handler) |
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A handler class which writes logging records, appropriately formatted,
to a stream. Note that this class does not close the stream, as
sys.stdout or sys.stderr may be used.
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- Method resolution order:
- StreamHandler
- Handler
- Filterer
- __builtin__.object
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, stream=None)
- Initialize the handler.
If stream is not specified, sys.stderr is used.
- emit(self, record)
- Emit a record.
If a formatter is specified, it is used to format the record.
The record is then written to the stream with a trailing newline. If
exception information is present, it is formatted using
traceback.print_exception and appended to the stream. If the stream
has an 'encoding' attribute, it is used to determine how to do the
output to the stream.
- flush(self)
- Flushes the stream.
Methods inherited from Handler:
- acquire(self)
- Acquire the I/O thread lock.
- close(self)
- Tidy up any resources used by the handler.
This version removes the handler from an internal map of handlers,
_handlers, which is used for handler lookup by name. Subclasses
should ensure that this gets called from overridden close()
methods.
- createLock(self)
- Acquire a thread lock for serializing access to the underlying I/O.
- format(self, record)
- Format the specified record.
If a formatter is set, use it. Otherwise, use the default formatter
for the module.
- get_name(self)
- handle(self, record)
- Conditionally emit the specified logging record.
Emission depends on filters which may have been added to the handler.
Wrap the actual emission of the record with acquisition/release of
the I/O thread lock. Returns whether the filter passed the record for
emission.
- handleError(self, record)
- Handle errors which occur during an emit() call.
This method should be called from handlers when an exception is
encountered during an emit() call. If raiseExceptions is false,
exceptions get silently ignored. This is what is mostly wanted
for a logging system - most users will not care about errors in
the logging system, they are more interested in application errors.
You could, however, replace this with a custom handler if you wish.
The record which was being processed is passed in to this method.
- release(self)
- Release the I/O thread lock.
- setFormatter(self, fmt)
- Set the formatter for this handler.
- setLevel(self, level)
- Set the logging level of this handler.
- set_name(self, name)
Data descriptors inherited from Handler:
- name
Methods inherited from Filterer:
- addFilter(self, filter)
- Add the specified filter to this handler.
- filter(self, record)
- Determine if a record is loggable by consulting all the filters.
The default is to allow the record to be logged; any filter can veto
this and the record is then dropped. Returns a zero value if a record
is to be dropped, else non-zero.
- removeFilter(self, filter)
- Remove the specified filter from this handler.
Data descriptors inherited from Filterer:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
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