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Note: All TESL-EJ articles should be prepared in Microsoft Word or in RTF format. All formatting, such as italics, diacritical marks, etc., should be included in the manuscript. Please put tables and figures in place in the manuscript (not at the end) and number and title all figures and tables. --- APA STYLE GUIDEVersion 3.0, Revised December 2003 Prepared by & Maggie Sokolik <sokolik@socrates.berkeley.edu>
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. The following is not a complete overview. If you have a reference or citation that does not fit the examples given here, please consult the official APA style guide. More information can be found on their website: http://www.apastyle.org.InstructionsInclude a reference list (headed "References") at the end of the TESL-EJ article that documents your sources and provides the necessary information to identify and retrieve each source. References must include only the sources that were used in the research and preparation of the article. A reference list cites specific works that support a particular article. A bibliography cites works for background or for further reading. APA journal style requires reference lists, not bibliographies. Please note that the examples used in this document are for illustration only, and should not be used for actual citations. Many are fictional or partly fictional. Check all your sources carefully. I. In-text DocumentationCitation within the text of a document refers the reader to an alphabetical reference list at the end of the article. APA format uses the author-date method of citation. The surname of the author and the date of publication are inserted at the appropriate point in the text. A. One work by single authorIf the name of the author appears in the text, cite only the year of publication in the text. Do not include suffixes such as Jr.
Otherwise, place the surname of the author and the year of publication with a comma separating the two.
Within a paragraph you need not repeat the references to an author's work as long as it cannot be confused with other work cited in the article. B. One work by two or more authorsWhen a work has two authors, always use the surnames of both authors in all citations. Join the two names by an ampersand (&) within parentheses, or by "and" within the text.
When a work has 3-6 authors, use the surnames of all authors in the first citation. In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by "et al."
When a work has more than six authors, use only the surname of the first author followed by "et al." C. Works with no authors
When a work has no author, cite the first two or three words of the reference list entry followed by the year. The first entry is usually the title. Underline the title of a periodical or book and use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter.
D. Specific parts of a source To cite a specific part of a source, include the page, chapter, figure, table, or equation in the citation. The words "page" and "chapter" are abbreviated in such citations (see Abbreviations).
E. Abbreviations
Geographical abbreviations: For the U.S., states and territories in the reference list should use the official two-letter U.S.P.S. abbreviation. City names and country names should not be abbreviated. F. Personal communications Letters, memos, telephone conversations, etc. are not included in the Reference List, thus are cited in the text only. Include the initials as well as the surname of the author and provide as exact a date as possible.
G. References in parenthetical material
If a reference appears within parentheses, use commas (not brackets) to set off the date.
II. Reference ListA. Complete reference list
The reference list should be in alphabetical order by author's surnames. With names including "de", "von", etc., those names should be alphabetized according to the rules of the language from which they originate. Each entry should be indented five spaces from the second line forward ("hanging indent"), and there should be a blank line between entries. B. APA style
GWU's 9th English language survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2003, from http://www.gwu.org/usersurvey/survey2000/ If the author of a document is not identified, begin the reference with the title of the document. Citations in Text of Electronic Material The following is excerpted from the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Some elements of the fifth edition's style guidelines for electronic resources differ from our previously published guidelines. To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, chapter, figure, table, or equation. Give page numbers for quotations. The words page and chapter are abbreviated in text citations:
For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, if available, preceded by the paragraph symbol or the abbreviation para. If neither paragraph nor page numbers are available, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to lead the reader to the location of the material.
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